![]() Here the authors review the cause of VTE. In contrast, AFE is a rare, but catastrophic event that remains incompletely understood. The pregnant patient is at a higher risk of developing VTE including pulmonary embolism. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a catastrophic obstetric emergency that can present as sudden, profound, and unexpected maternal collapse associated with hypotension, hypoxaemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). D – Disability: Treat seizures and consider other neurological deficitsĬardiopulmonary resuscitation and immediate caesarean section are required if cardiac arrest occurs. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as well as other embolic events including amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) remain a leading cause of maternal death in the United States and worldwide.C – Circulation: IV fluids to treat hypotension and blood transfusion in haemorrhage.B – Breathing: Provide oxygen for hypoxia.The Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics led the creation of an interactive. The initial management of any acutely unwell patient is with an ABCDE approach, assessing and treating: Amniotic Fluid Embolism, Massive Transfusion Protocol and Cesarean Delivery. They are likely to need transfer to the intensive care unit. It requires the input of experienced obstetricians, medics, anaesthetics, intensive care teams and haematologists. Potential risk factors of developing amniotic fluid embolism were maternal age >30, multiparity (OR 3.3, 95 CI 1.0210. In the majority of women, onset of symptoms was intrapartum or immediately postpartum. There are no specific treatments.Īmniotic fluid embolism is a medical emergency – get help immediately. The most common signs and symptoms of amniotic fluid embolism were dyspnea and massive obstetric hemorrhage. The overall management of amniotic fluid embolism is supportive. It can present similarly to sepsis, pulmonary embolism or anaphylaxis, with an acute onset of symptoms of: The main risk factors for amniotic fluid embolus are:Īmniotic fluid embolisation usually presents around the time of labour and delivery, but can be postpartum. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) represents the second leading cause of peripartum maternal death in the United States and the number one cause of peripartum cardiac arrest. The mortality rate is around 20% or above. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a life-threatening obstetric emergency characterized by sudden cardiorespiratory collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation. It has more similarities to anaphylaxis than venous thromboembolism. Results The reported incidence of AFE ranged from 1.9 cases per 100 000 maternities (UK) to 6.1 per 100 000. This immune reaction to cells from the foetus leads to a systemic illness. Where information was available, the risk factors and outcomes of AFE were examined. The amniotic fluid contains fetal tissue, causing an immune reaction from the mother. This usually occurs around labour and delivery. ![]() Amniotic fluid embolisation is a rare (2 per 100,000 deliveries) but severe condition where the amniotic fluid passes into the mother’s blood.
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